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  A kidney stone is a hard, crystalline mineral material and salts formed within the kidney or urinary tract. Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine (hematuria) and often severe pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Kidney stones are sometimes called renal calculi. Kidney stones can affect any part of your urinary tract, from your kidneys to your bladder. Often, stones form when the urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallize and stick together. The condition of having kidney stones is termed nephrolithiasis. Having stones at any location in the urinary tract is referred to as urolithiasis, and the term ureterolithiasis is used to refer to stones located in the ureters.  In this article, I will be talking about signs and symptoms of kidney stones and also when to see a doctor. There are four common types of kidney stones. 1. Calcium Stones 2. Cystine Stones 3. Struvite Stones 4. Uric Acid Stones. Risk Factors Of Kidney Stones 1. Obesity 2. Dehydration.